Gum disease (periodontal disease) affects nearly half of all adults over 30, yet many don't know they have it because early stages are often painless. Left untreated, it's the leading cause of tooth loss in adults — far more than cavities.
The earliest stage, gingivitis, shows up as red, swollen gums that bleed when you brush or floss. You might notice bad breath that doesn't go away. At this stage, gum disease is completely reversible with proper care and professional cleaning.
If gingivitis progresses to periodontitis, gums begin pulling away from teeth, forming pockets that trap bacteria. The bone and tissue supporting your teeth start breaking down. You may notice teeth feeling loose, changes in your bite, or receding gums.
Prevention is straightforward: consistent daily brushing and flossing, regular professional cleanings, not smoking, managing diabetes, and eating a balanced diet. If you notice any bleeding or swelling in your gums, don't ignore it — early treatment is simple and effective.
